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NEW QUESTION # 164
審核組組長決定聘請技術專家作為審核小組的一部分，這樣他們就可以填補審核組成員知識的潛在空白。在這種情況下，審計組長應該考慮什麼？
- A. 讓技術專家在需要時做出與審核流程相關的決定
- B. 技術專家應直接與認證機構而不是審核員討論他們的擔憂
- C. 技術專家只能透過審核小組成員之一向受審核方傳達其審核結果
Answer: C
Explanation:
The technical expert can communicate their audit findings to the auditee only through one of the audit team members. This ensures that communications remain coordinated and that the audit team maintains control over the audit process.
References: ISO 19011:2018, Guidelines for auditing management systems
NEW QUESTION # 165
場景 3：Rebuildy 是一家位於泰國曼谷的建築公司，專門從事住宅建築的設計、建造和維護。為了確保敏感專案資料和客戶資訊的安全，Rebuildy 決定實施基於 ISO/IEC 27001 的資訊安全管理系統 (ISMS)。
ISMS 實施成果如下
* 資訊安全是透過應用一系列安全控制和製定政策、流程和程序來實現的。
* 安全控制是根據風險評估實施的，旨在消除風險或將風險降低到可接受的水平。
* 所有流程均基於計劃-執行-檢查-行動 (PDCA) 模型確保 ISMS 的持續改進。
* 資訊安全政策是根據最佳安全實務起草的安全手冊的一部分，因此，它不是一份獨立的文件。
* 資訊安全角色和職責已在每位員工的職位說明中明確說明
* 資訊安全管理系統的管理評審是依照計畫的時間間隔進行的。
Rebuildy 在經歷了兩次中期管理評審和一次年度內部審計後申請了認證。該前員工向審計團隊成員 Electra 提交了書面證據，Rebuildy 的主要客戶 Electra 也提交了有關相同問題的證據，審計員決定保留這份證據，而不是前員工的證據。審計團隊成員一直與 Electra 保持聯繫，直至審計完成，討論審計期間發現的不符合。伊萊克特拉提供了額外的證據來支持這些發現。
在審核開始時，審核小組對公司高階主管進行了訪談，討論了高階主管對 ISMS 實施的承諾等事項。從這些討論中獲得的證據都記錄在書面確認書中，用於確定 Rebuildy 是否符合 ISO/IEC 27001 的幾個條款。其中，發現以下不符合：
* 在公司的財務報告系統中偵測到了不當的使用者存取控制設定實例。
* 尚未建立獨立的資訊安全政策。相反，該公司使用根據最佳安全實踐起草的安全手冊。
在收到審計團隊的這些文件後，團隊負責人會見了 Rebuildy 的高層管理層，介紹了審計結果。審計小組報告了與財務報告系統和缺乏獨立資訊安全政策有關的調查結果。高階主管對調查結果表示不滿，並認為審計組長的行為不專業，暗示他們可能會要求更換組長。迫於壓力，審計組長決定與高階主管合作，淡化所發現的不符合項的重要性。因此，審計團隊負責人調整了報告以呈現更有利的觀點，從而歪曲了 Rebuildy 合規問題的真實程度。
根據上述情景，回答以下問題：
根據情境 3，稽核團隊使用從高階主管訪談中獲得的資訊來確定 Rebuildy 是否符合 ISO/IEC 27001 的幾項條款。這可以接受嗎？
- A. 是的，與高階主管的訪談是最可靠的審計證據形式，可用於確定是否符合標準，而無需進一步驗證
- B. 不，審計團隊應該只使用政策和程序等書面證據來確定是否符合要求
- C. 是的，審計小組透過最高管理層的書面確認獲得了口頭證據，可用於確定是否符合標準
Answer: C
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth
B . Correct Answer:
Audit evidence can come from interviews, observations, and documentation.
Verbal evidence from top management is acceptable if documented and confirmed in writing.
A . Incorrect:
ISO 19011 allows verbal evidence as long as it is substantiated.
C . Incorrect:
Interviews alone are not sufficient-additional verification is required.
Relevant Standard Reference:
NEW QUESTION # 166
場景 7：Lawsy 是一家領先的律師事務所，在新澤西州和紐約市設有辦公室。它擁有 50 多名律師，為商業法、智慧財產權、銀行和金融服務領域的客戶提供完善的法律服務。他們相信，由於他們致力於實施資訊安全最佳實踐並跟上技術發展的步伐，他們在市場上佔據了有利的地位。
Lawsy 已經嚴格實施、評估和進行 ISMS 內部審核兩年了。
現在，他們已向知名且值得信賴的認證機構ISMA申請ISO/IEC 27001認證。
在第一階段審核期間，審核小組審查了實施過程中所建立的所有 ISMS 文件。
他們還審查和評估了管理審查和內部審計的記錄。
Lawsy 提交了證據記錄，表明在必要時對不合格項採取了糾正措施，因此審核組約談了內部審核員。訪談透過提供對內部稽核計畫和程序的詳細了解，驗證了內部稽核的充分性和頻率。
審計小組繼續驗證戰略文件，包括資訊安全政策和風險評估標準。在資訊安全政策審查期間，團隊注意到描述治理框架（即資訊安全政策）的記錄資訊與程序之間存在不一致。
儘管允許員工將筆記型電腦帶到工作場所之外，但 Lawsy 並沒有製定有關在這種情況下使用筆記型電腦的程序。此政策僅提供有關筆記型電腦使用的一般資訊。該公司依靠員工的常識來保護筆記型電腦中儲存的資訊的機密性和完整性。該問題已記錄在第一階段審計報告中。
完成第一階段審核後，審核組長準備了審核計劃，其中規定了審核目標、範圍、標準和程序。
在第二階段審核期間，審核小組約談了資安經理，資安經理起草了資訊安全政策。他透過指出 Lawsy 每三個月舉辦一次強制性資訊安全培訓和意識課程來證明第一階段中確定的問題的合理性。
面談後，審核小組檢查了 15 份員工培訓記錄（共 50 份），得出的結論是 Lawsy 符合 ISO/IEC 27001 有關培訓和意識的要求。為了支持這個結論，他們影印了檢查過的員工訓練記錄。
根據上述場景，回答以下問題：
審核小組透過檢查 50 份員工培訓記錄中的 15 份得出結論，Lawsy 符合 ISO/IEC 27001 與培訓和意識相關的要求（如場景 7 中所述）。
- A. 取樣
- B. 審核員
- C. 樣本大小
Answer: C
Explanation:
This scenario presents a risk related to the sample size. Examining only 15 out of 50 employee training records may not provide a fully representative view of the entire organization's adherence to the training and awareness requirements of ISO/IEC 27001. There is a risk that this sample size is not sufficient to justify a general conclusion about the entire organization.
NEW QUESTION # 167
下列哪一項最能描述第一階段第三方審核的主要目的？
- A. 向客戶介紹審核團隊
- B. 檢查組織是否遵守法律
- C. 確定第 2 階段審核的紅色程度
- D. 了解組織的採購狀況
- E. 準備獨立審計報告
- F. 了解組織的客戶
Answer: C
Explanation:
The main purpose of a Stage 1 third-party audit is to determine readiness for a Stage 2 audit. A Stage 1 audit is a preliminary assessment that evaluates the organization's ISMS documentation, scope, context, and objectives, and identifies any major gaps or nonconformities that need to be addressed before the Stage 2 audit. A Stage 1 audit does not introduce the audit team to the client, as this is done during the audit planning phase. A Stage 1 audit does not check for legal compliance by the organization, as this is done during the Stage 2 audit. A Stage 1 audit does not prepare an independent audit report, as this is done after the Stage 2 audit. References: : CQI & IRCA ISO 27001:2022 Lead Auditor Course Handbook, page 70. : ISO/IEC
27001 LEAD AUDITOR - PECB, page 23.
NEW QUESTION # 168
以下是資訊的定義，但以下情況除外：
- A. 用於特定目的的特定且有組織的數據
- B. 可以促進理解並減少不確定性
- C. 成熟且可衡量的數據
- D. 準確及時的數據
Answer: C
Explanation:
The definition of information that is not correct is C: mature and measurable data. This is not a valid definition of information, as information does not have to be mature or measurable to be considered as such.
Information can be any data that has meaning or value for someone or something in a certain context.
Information can be subjective, qualitative, incomplete or uncertain, depending on how it is interpreted or used. Mature and measurable data are characteristics that may apply to some types of information, but not all.
The other definitions of information are correct, as they describe different aspects of information, such as accuracy and timeliness (A), specificity and organization (B), and understanding and uncertainty reduction (D). ISO/IEC 27001:2022 defines information as "any data that has meaning" (see clause
3.25). References: CQI & IRCA Certified ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Lead Auditor Training Course, ISO/IEC
27001:2022 Information technology - Security techniques - Information security management systems - Requirements, What is Information?
NEW QUESTION # 169
「糾正措施」一詞是什麼意思？選擇一項
- A. 採取措施消除不合格或事故的原因
- B. 管理階層針對不合格項所採取的行動
- C. 採取措施防止不合格或事件發生
- D. 採取措施糾正不合格項或事件
Answer: A
Explanation:
Corrective action is a process of identifying and eliminating the root causes of nonconformities or incidents that have occurred or could potentially occur, in order to prevent their recurrence or occurrence. Corrective action is part of the improvement requirement of ISO 27001 and follows a standard workflow of identification, evaluation, implementation, review and documentation of corrections and corrective actions.
References: Procedure for Corrective Action, Nonconformity & Corrective Action For ISO 27001 Requirement 10.1, PECB Candidate Handbook ISO 27001 Lead Auditor (page 12)
NEW QUESTION # 170
OrgXY 是一家經過 ISO/IEC 27001 認證的軟體開發公司。在獲得認證一年後，OrgXY 的高階主管通知認證機構，該公司尚未準備好進行監督審核。在這種情況下會發生什麼？
- A. 目前認證一直使用到下次監督審核
- B. 認證已暫停
- C. OrgXY 將其註冊轉移給另一個認證機構
Answer: B
Explanation:
If an organization like OrgXY informs the certification body that it is not ready to conduct the surveillance audit as scheduled, the certification may be suspended. This is because the surveillance audit is a critical part of the ongoing certification maintenance, required to ensure continued compliance with the standard.
NEW QUESTION # 171
作為審計員，您已經注意到 ABC Inc. 已製定了管理可移動儲存媒體的程序。該程式基於 ABC Inc. 採用的分類方案。另一方面，被歸類為「公共」的資訊沒有保密要求：因此，僅適用確保其完整性和可用性的程序。這是什麼類型的審計結果？
- A. 不合格
- B. 異常
- C. 一致性
Answer: C
Explanation:
This scenario represents a conformity because ABC Inc. has implemented procedures for managing removable storage media that align with the classification scheme of the information stored. When information is classified as "confidential," more stringent procedures apply, whereas for "public" information, the procedures focus only on integrity and availability, following the organization's defined information classification policy.
References: ISO/IEC 27001:2013, Clause A.8.2 (Information classification)
NEW QUESTION # 172
情境 5：Data Grid Inc. 是一家知名公司，為整個資訊科技基礎設施提供安全服務。它提供網路安全軟體，包括端點安全、防火牆和防毒軟體。二十年來，Data Grid Inc. 透過先進的產品和服務幫助多家公司保護其網路安全。 Data Grid Inc. 在資訊和網路安全領域享有盛譽，決定獲得 ISO/IEC 27001 認證，以更好地保護其內部和客戶資產並獲得競爭優勢。
Data Grid Inc. 任命了審計團隊，該團隊同意審計任務的條款。此外，Data Grid Inc.明確了審核範圍，明確了審核標準，並建議在五天內結束審核。由於Data Grid Inc.員工人數眾多，流程複雜，審計小組拒絕了Data Grid Inc.在五天內進行審計的提議。 Data Grid Inc.堅稱他們計劃在五天內完成審核，因此雙方同意在規定的時間內進行審核。審計小組遵循基於風險的審計方法。
為了獲得主要業務流程和控制的概述，審計團隊存取了流程描述和組織圖表。他們無法對 IT 風險和控制進行更深入的分析，因為他們對 IT 基礎架構和應用程式的存取受到限制。然而，審計小組表示，Data Grid Inc. 的 ISMS 出現重大缺陷的風險很低，因為該公司的大部分流程都是自動化的。因此，他們透過詢問 Data Grid Inc. 的代表以下問題來評估 ISMS 整體上符合標準要求：
*如何定義和指派 IT 和 IT 控制的職責？
*Data Grid Inc. 如何評估控制措施是否達到了預期效果？
*Data Grid Inc. 採取了哪些控制措施來保護操作環境和資料免受惡意軟體的侵害？
*是否實施了與防火牆相關的控制？
Data Grid Inc. 的代表提供了充分且適當的證據來解決所有這些問題。
審計組長起草審計結論並向Data Grid Inc. 的最高管理階層報告。
儘管審核員推薦Data Grid Inc.進行認證，但Data Grid Inc.與認證機構之間在審核目標方面產生了誤解。 Data Grid Inc. 表示，儘管審計目標包括確定潛在改進的領域，但審計團隊並未提供此類資訊。
根據該場景，回答以下問題：
Data Grid Inc. 對以下所有行為負責，但以下情況除外：
- A. 任命審核團隊
- B. 指定審核標準
- C. 定義審核範圍
Answer: A
Explanation:
In the context of ISO/IEC 27001 audits, the audit team is appointed by the certification body, not by the organization being audited. Data Grid Inc. is responsible for specifying the audit criteria and defining the audit scope, but not for appointing the audit team.
References: ISO 19011:2018, Guidelines for auditing management systems
NEW QUESTION # 173
您是一位經驗豐富的 ISMS 內部稽核師。
當 IT 經理找到您並要求您協助修改公司的適用性聲明時，您剛剛完成了組織的預定資訊安全審核。
IT 經理正在嘗試將基於 ISO/IEC 27001:2013 的適用性聲明更新為與 ISO/IEC 27001:2022 中的 4 個控制主題（組織控制、人員控制、實體控制、技術控制）一致的聲明。
IT 經理對控制權的重新分配感到滿意，但以下情況除外。他詢問您以下每個控制類別應出現在哪四個控制類別下。
Answer:
Explanation:
NEW QUESTION # 174
您詢問 IT 經理，為什麼組織仍在使用行動應用程序，而個人資料加密和假名化測試卻失敗了。此外，服務經理是否有權批准測試。
IT經理解釋說，根據軟體安全管理程序，測試結果應由他批准。加密和假名功能失敗的原因是這些功能嚴重降低了系統和服務效能。需要額外 150% 的資源來滿足這一點。服務經理同意存取控制足夠好並且可以接受。這就是服務經理簽署批准書的原因。
您正在準備審計結果。選擇正確的選項。
- A. 存在不合格項 (NC)。組織和開發人員不執行驗收測試。
（與第 8.1 條相關，控制措施 A.8.29） - B. 存在不合格項 (NC)。組織和開發人員執行的安全測試失敗。
（與第 8.1 條相關，控制措施 A.8.29） - C. 不存在不合格項 (NC)。服務經理做出了繼續提供服務的正確決定。
（與第 8.1 條相關，控制措施 A.8.30） - D. 存在不合格項 (NC)。服務管理員不遵守軟體安全管理程序。 （與第 8.1 條相關，控制措施 A.8.30）
Answer: D
Explanation:
According to ISO 27001:2022 Annex A Control 8.30, the organisation shall ensure that externally provided processes, products or services that are relevant to the information security management system are controlled. This includes developing and entering into licensing agreements that cover code ownership and intellectual property rights, and implementing appropriate contractual requirements related to secure design and coding in accordance with Annex A 8.25 and 8.2912 In this case, the organisation and the developer have performed security tests that failed, which indicates that the secure design and coding requirements of Annex A 8.29 were not met. The IT Manager explains that the encryption and pseudonymisation functions failed because they slowed down the system and service performance, and that an extra 150% of resources are needed to cover this. However, this does not justify the acceptance of the test results by the Service Manager, who is not authorised to approve the test according to the software security management procedure. The Service Manager should have consulted with the IT Manager, who is the owner of the process, and followed the procedure for handling nonconformities and corrective actions. The Service Manager's decision to continue the service based on access control alone exposes the organisation to the risk of compromising the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of personal data processed by the mobile app. Therefore, there is a nonconformity (NC) with clause 8.1, control A.8.30.
Reference:
1: ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Lead Auditor (Information Security Management Systems) Course by CQI and IRCA Certified Training 1 2: ISO/IEC 27001 Lead Auditor Training Course by PECB 2
NEW QUESTION # 175
在啟動審計活動之前，審計員會考慮被審計方的背景、關鍵流程和期望。運用了哪一項審計原則？
- A. 專業懷疑論
- B. 應有的專業謹慎
- C. 誠信
Answer: B
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth
A . Correct Answer:
Due professional care refers to auditors carefully considering all relevant factors before initiating an audit.
In this scenario, the auditors assessed the auditee's context, processes, and expectations, which aligns with ISO 19011:2018 Clause 4 (Principles of Auditing: Due Professional Care).
B . Incorrect:
Professional skepticism is about challenging evidence and avoiding assumptions, not about contextual planning.
C . Incorrect:
Integrity refers to acting honestly and ethically, which is not the focus here.
Relevant Standard Reference:
ISO 19011:2018 Clause 4.5 (Due Professional Care)
NEW QUESTION # 176
請將角色與以下描述相符：
要完成該表，請按一下要完成的空白部分，使其以紅色突出顯示，然後從下面的選項中按一下適用的測試。或者，您可以將每個選項拖曳到相應的空白部分。
Answer:
Explanation:
Explanation:
* The auditee is the organization or part of it that is subject to the audit. The auditee could be internal or external to the audit client . The auditee should cooperate with the audit team and provide them with access to relevant information, documents, records, personnel, and facilities .
* The audit client is the organization or person that requests an audit. The audit client could be internal or external to the auditee . The audit client should define the audit objectives, scope, criteria, and programme, and appoint the audit team leader .
* The technical expert is a person who provides specific knowledge or expertise relating to the organization, activity, process, product, service, or discipline to be audited. The technical expert could be internal or external to the audit team . The technical expert should support the audit team in collecting and evaluating audit evidence, but should not act as an auditor .
* The observer is a person who accompanies the audit team but does not act as an auditor. The observer could be internal or external to the audit team . The observer should observe the audit activities without interfering or influencing them, unless agreed otherwise by the audit team leader and the auditee .
References :=
* [ISO 19011:2022 Guidelines for auditing management systems]
* [ISO/IEC 17021-1:2022 Conformity assessment - Requirements for bodies providing audit and certification of management systems - Part 1: Requirements]
NEW QUESTION # 177
情境 4：SendPay 是一家金融公司，透過代理商和金融機構網路提供服務。他們的主要服務之一是在全球範圍內轉帳。 SendPay 作為一家新公司，致力於為客戶提供最優質的服務。由於該公司提供國際交易，因此要求客戶提供個人信息，例如身份、交易原因以及完成交易可能需要的其他詳細信息。因此，SendPay 已實施安全措施來保護客戶的訊息，包括偵測、調查和回應可能出現的任何資訊安全威脅。他們對提供安全服務的承諾也體現在 ISMS 實施過程中，該公司投入了大量時間和資源。
去年，SendPay 推出了他們的數位平台，允許透過智慧型手機或筆記型電腦等電子設備進行貨幣交易，而無需支付額外費用。透過這個平台，SendPay 的客戶可以隨時隨地發送和接收資金。該數位平台幫助SendPay簡化了公司營運並進一步拓展了業務。當時SendPay正在外包其軟體業務，因此該專案是由外包公司的軟體開發團隊完成的。
該團隊還負責維護 SendPay 的技術基礎設施。
最近，該公司在實施 ISMS 近一年後申請了 ISO/IEC 27001 認證。他們與符合其標準的認證機構簽訂了合約。不久之後，認證機構任命了一個由四名審核員組成的團隊來審核 SendPay 的 ISMS。
審計過程中，發現以下情況：
1.外包軟體公司在未事先通知的情況下終止了與SendPay的合約。結果，SendPay 無法立即將服務恢復到內部，其營運中斷了五天。審計人員要求 SendPay 的代表提供證據，證明他們在合約終止的情況下有計劃遵循。這些代表沒有提供任何書面證據，但在接受審計時，他們告訴審計人員，SendPay的高層已經確定了另外兩家軟體開發公司，如果類似情況再次發生，可以立即提供服務。
2. 沒有證據顯示對外包給軟體開發公司的活動進行了監控。 SendPay 的代表再次告訴審計人員，他們定期與軟體開發公司溝通，並適當地告知可能發生的任何變更。
3.防火牆測試未發現異常狀況。審核員測試了防火牆配置，以確定這些服務提供的安全等級。他們使用資料包分析器來測試防火牆策略，這使他們能夠即時檢查發送或接收的資料包。
根據該場景，回答以下問題：
關於觀察到的第三種情況，審計人員自己測試了SendPay網路中實施的防火牆的配置。您如何描述這種情況？請參閱場景 4。
- A. 不可接受，審核員應僅觀察系統或設備配置的測試，而不應自行測試系統
- B. 不可接受，審核期間不應測試防火牆配置，因為這可能會影響系統的運作
- C. 可接受的，需要技術證據來驗證技術流程的運作
Answer: C
Explanation:
It is acceptable and often necessary for auditors to test technical controls such as firewalls to validate the operation and effectiveness of these processes during an ISMS audit. This hands-on testing provides concrete, technical evidence of the security measures' performance.
NEW QUESTION # 178
您必須進行第三方虛擬審核。在開始進行審核之前，您需要告知受審核方以下哪兩個問題？
- A. 您將要求取得正在進行審核的房間的 360 度視圖。
- B. 您希望受審核方已評估與線上活動相關的所有風險。
- C. 除非允許，否則您不得記錄審核的任何部分。
- D. 您將要求受訪的人事先說明他們的姓名和職位。
- E. 您將為採訪的每個人拍照。
- F. 您將要求查看螢幕上的人的身分證。
Answer: A,D
Explanation:
A third-party virtual audit is an external audit conducted by an independent certification body using remote technology such as video conferencing, screen sharing, and electronic document exchange. The purpose of a third-party virtual audit is to verify the conformity and effectiveness of the information security management system (ISMS) and to issue a certificate of compliance12 Before you start conducting the audit, you would need to inform the auditee about the following issues: 12 You will ask those being interviewed to state their name and position beforehand, i.e., to confirm their identity and role in the ISMS. This is to ensure that you are interviewing the relevant personnel and that they are authorized to provide information and evidence for the audit.
You will ask for a 360-degree view of the room where the audit is being carried out, i.e., to verify the physical and environmental security of the audit location. This is to ensure that there are no unauthorized persons or devices in the vicinity that could compromise the confidentiality, integrity, or availability of the information being audited.
The other issues are not relevant or appropriate for a third-party virtual audit, because:
You will ask to see the ID card of the person that is on the screen, i.e., to verify their identity. This is not necessary if you have already asked them to state their name and position beforehand, and if you have access to the auditee's organizational chart or staff directory. Asking to see the ID card could also be seen as intrusive or disrespectful by the auditee.
You will take photos of every person you interview, i.e., to document the audit process. This is not advisable as it could violate the privacy or consent of the auditee and the interviewees. Taking photos could also be seen as unprofessional or suspicious by the auditee. You should rely on the audit records and evidence provided by the auditee and the audit tool instead.
You will not record any part of the audit, unless permitted, i.e., to respect the auditee's preferences and rights. This is not a valid issue to inform the auditee about, as you should always record the audit for quality assurance and verification purposes. Recording the audit is also a requirement of the ISO/IEC 27001 standard and the certification body. You should inform the auditee that you will record the audit and obtain their consent before the audit begins.
You expect the auditee to have assessed all risks associated with online activities, i.e., to ensure the security of the audit process. This is not an issue to inform the auditee about, as it is part of the auditee's responsibility and obligation to have a risk assessment and treatment process for their ISMS. You should assess the auditee's risk management practices and controls during the audit, not before it.
Reference:
1: ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Lead Auditor (Information Security Management Systems) Course by CQI and IRCA Certified Training 1 2: ISO/IEC 27001 Lead Auditor Training Course by PECB 2
NEW QUESTION # 179
下列哪一項是組織環境的定義？
- A. 可能影響組織制定和實現其目標的方法的內部和外部問題的複雜性
- B. 可能影響組織制定和實現其目標的方法的內部和外部問題的組合
- C. 協調可能對組織的成功產生正面或負面影響的內部和外部問題
- D. 對可能影響組織實現其目標的願望的內部和外部問題的控制
Answer: B
Explanation:
The context of the organisation is the business environment in which the organisation operates and defines its information security management system (ISMS). It includes the internal and external factors and conditions that can influence the organisation's information security objectives, strategies, and policies. The context of the organisation helps the organisation to identify the scope, boundaries, and requirements of the ISMS, as well as the interested parties and their expectations. The context of the organisation is determined by considering both internal and external issues, such as the organisational structure, culture, values, mission, vision, objectives, strategies, resources, capabilities, processes, activities, products, services, markets, customers, competitors, suppliers, partners, regulators, laws, regulations, standards, guidelines, best practices, risks, opportunities, threats, vulnerabilities, etc. References: ISO 27001:2022 Clause 4 Context of the organization, ISO 27001 Requirement 4.1 - Understanding the Context of the Organisation, ISO 27001 context of the organization - How to define it - Advisera
NEW QUESTION # 180
您正在一家提供醫療保健服務的住宅療養院進行 ISMS 審核。審核計畫的下一步是驗證資訊安全事件管理流程。 IT 安全經理介紹了資訊安全事件管理程序，並解釋該流程基於 ISO/IEC 27035-1:2016。
您查看該文件並注意到一條聲明「任何資訊安全弱點、事件和事故應在識別後 1 小時內報告給聯絡人 (PoC)」。在訪問員工時，您發現大家對「弱點、事件、事件」意義的理解有差異。
您從事件追蹤系統中抽取過去 6 個月的事件報告記錄樣本，總結結果如下表所示。
您想進一步調查其他領域以收集更多審計證據。選擇兩個不會出現在您的審核追蹤中的選項。
- A. 收集更多有關人力資源經理如何以及何時支付贖金以解鎖個人行動資料（即信用卡和銀行轉帳）的證據。 （與控制措施 A.5.26 相關）
- B. 收集更多有關組織如何確定事件恢復時間的證據。 （與控制措施 A.5.27 相關）
- C. 收集更多證據，說明組織如何確定事件發生後無需採取進一步行動。 （與控制措施 A.5.26 相關）
- D. 收集更多關於公司如何以及何時支付贖金以解鎖公司手機和資料（即信用卡和銀行轉帳）的證據。 （與控制措施 A.5.26 相關）
- E. 收集更多有關事件恢復程序的證據。 （與控制措施 A.5.26 相關）
- F. 透過訪問更多員工了解他們對報告流程的理解來收集更多證據。
（與控制措施 A.6.8 相關）
Answer: A,D
Explanation:
*C. Collect more evidence on how and when the Human Resources manager pays the ransom fee to unlock personal mobile data, i.e., credit card, and bank transfer. (Relevant to control A.5.26) This is not relevant to the audit of the organization's incident management process. The HR manager's personal phone and how they handle a ransomware attack on it falls outside the scope of the ISMS audit. The organization is not responsible for personal devices.
*B. Collect more evidence on how and when the company pays the ransom fee to unlock the company's mobile phone and data, i.e., credit card, and bank transfer. (Relevant to control A.5.26) While seemingly relevant, this focuses on the method of payment for the ransom. The core issue is the organization paying the ransom at all, which is generally not best practice in incident response. The audit should focus on why this decision was made and if alternative solutions were considered (e.g., data backups, device wiping and restoration).
Why the other options ARE relevant:
*A. Collect more evidence by interviewing more staff about their understanding of the reporting process.
(Relevant to control A.6.8) This directly addresses the identified discrepancy in understanding "weakness, event, and incident," which is crucial for proper incident reporting.
*D. Collect more evidence on how the organisation determined the incident recovery time. (Relevant to control A.5.27) This investigates the basis for the 24-hour recovery time, which seems arbitrary and may not be appropriate for all incidents.
*E. Collect more evidence on how the organization determined no further action was needed after the incident. (Relevant to control A.5.26) This probes the adequacy of the incident response, especially the lack of preventative measures after paying the ransom.
*F. Collect more evidence on the incident recovery procedures. (Relevant to control A.5.26) This examines the actual procedures to assess their effectiveness and alignment with best practices.
NEW QUESTION # 181
下列哪三個短語是與審計相關的目標？
- A. 國際標準
- B. 確定改進機會
- C. 按時完成審核
- D. 確認管理系統的範圍
- E. 管理策略
- F. 監理要求
Answer: B,D,F
Explanation:
According to ISO 19011:2018, which provides guidelines for auditing management systems, the audit objectives are defined by the audit client and may include determining the extent of conformity or nonconformity of the audited management system against the audit criteria, evaluating the ability of the audited management system to ensure that the organization meets applicable statutory, regulatory and contractual requirements, identifying potential improvement opportunities for the audited management system, and facilitating continual improvement of the audited management system1. Therefore, these three phrases are examples of objectives in relation to an audit. The other options are not objectives, but rather elements or factors that may influence or affect an audit. For example, an international standard is a source of audit criteria, a management policy is a part of the audited management system, and completing an audit on time is a requirement for an effective audit. References: ISO 19011:2018 - Guidelines for auditing management systems
NEW QUESTION # 182
選出最能完成句子的單字：
Answer:
Explanation:
NEW QUESTION # 183
情境 6：Sinvestment 是一家提供家庭保險、商業保險和人壽保險的保險公司。該公司成立於北卡羅來納州，但最近在其他地區進行了擴張，包括歐洲和非洲。
Sinvestment 致力於遵守適用於其行業的法律法規，並防止任何資訊安全事件。他們實施了基於 ISO/IEC 27001 的 ISMS 並申請了 ISO/IEC 27001 認證。
認證機構指派兩名審核員進行審核。與Sinvestment簽訂保密協議後。他們開始了審計活動。首先，他們審查了標準要求的文件，包括 ISMS 範圍聲明、資訊安全政策和內部稽核報告。審查過程並不容易，因為儘管 Sinvestment 表示他們已製定文件程序，但並非所有文件都具有相同的格式。
隨後，審計小組對Sinvestment的高階主管進行了多次訪談，以了解他們在ISMS實施中的作用。第一階段審計的所有活動都是遠端進行的，除了根據 Sinvestment 的要求在現場進行的文件資訊審查之外。
在此階段，審計人員發現沒有與資訊安全培訓和意識計劃相關的文件。被問及時，Sinvestment代表表示，公司已為所有員工提供資訊安全培訓課程。第一階段審計讓審計團隊對 Sinvestment 的營運和 ISMS 有了整體了解。
第二階段審核在第一階段審核三週後進行。審計小組觀察到，行銷部門（未包含在審計範圍內）沒有適當的程序來控制員工的存取權限。由於控制員工的存取權限是ISO/IEC 27001的要求之一，並且已包含在公司的資訊安全政策中，因此該問題包含在審計報告中。此外，在第二階段審計中，審計小組觀察到Sinvestment沒有記錄使用者活動日誌。
該公司的程序規定“記錄用戶活動的日誌應保留並定期審查”，但該公司沒有提供任何執行該程序的證據。
在所有審核活動中，審核員透過觀察、訪談、文件化資訊審查、分析和技術驗證來收集資訊和證據。對第一階段和第二階段的所有審核結果進行了分析，審核小組決定發布積極的認證建議。
根據上述場景，回答以下問題：
審計組依照Sinvestment的要求，現場審核了Sinvestment的文件資料。這是可以接受的嗎？
- A. 不，Sinvestment 無法決定在哪裡進行文件審查，因為在第一階段審核之前簽署了保密協議
- B. 是的，Sinvestment有權要求在文件資訊審核期間任何文件不得帶離現場
- C. 否，現場和場外活動的結合可能會對審核產生負面影響
Answer: B
Explanation:
Yes, it is acceptable for Sinvestment to request that the review of documented information occur on-site. The company has the right to stipulate that no documents be carried off-site, especially to maintain control over sensitive information and ensure confidentiality, which aligns with the security controls expected in ISO/IEC
27001.
References: ISO/IEC 27001:2013, Clause 7.5 (Documented information)
NEW QUESTION # 184
當審核團隊的另一位成員向您尋求澄清時，您正在進行第三方監督審核。他們被要求評估組織對控制 5.7 - 威脅情報的應用。他們知道這是 2022 年版 ISO/IEC 中引入的新控制措施之一
27001，他們希望確保正確審核控制。
他們準備了一份清單來協助他們進行審核，並希望您確認他們計劃的活動符合控制要求。
下列哪三個選項代表有效的審計追蹤？
- A. 我將與高階主管交談，以確保所有員工都意識到報告威脅的重要性
- B. 我將確保採取適當措施，向最高管理階層通報目前威脅情報安排的有效性
- C. 我將檢查該組織是否擁有完整記錄的威脅情報流程
- D. 我將確定在威脅情報的生成中是否使用內部和外部資訊來源
- E. 我將檢查是否積極使用威脅情報來保護組織資訊資產的機密性、完整性和可用性
- F. 我將確保組織的風險評估流程從有效的威脅情報開始
- G. 我將回顧如何收集和評估與資訊安全威脅相關的資訊以產生威脅情報
- H. 我將確保將產生威脅情報的任務分配給組織的內部稽核團隊
Answer: B,E,G
Explanation:
These three options represent valid audit trails for control 5.7, as they are aligned with the control's requirements and objectives. According to the web search results from my predefined tool, control 5.7 requires organisations to collect and analyse information relating to information security threats and use that information to take mitigation actions12. The control also specifies that threat intelligence should be relevant, perceptive, contextual, and actionable, and that it should be used to prevent, detect, or respond to threats34. Therefore, the auditor should verify how the organisation collects, analyses, and produces threat intelligence, how it uses threat intelligence to protect its information assets, and how it monitors and evaluates the effectiveness of its threat intelligence arrangements. The other options are not valid audit trails, as they are either irrelevant, incorrect, or incomplete. For example:
* The task of producing threat intelligence is not assigned to the organisation's internal audit team, but to the person or team responsible for the ISMS, such as the information security manager or the information security committee5 .
* The organisation's risk assessment process does not begin with effective threat intelligence, but with the identification of the context, scope, and objectives of the ISMS . Threat intelligence is an input for the risk identification and analysis, but not the starting point of the risk assessment process.
* Speaking to top management to make sure all staff are aware of the importance of reporting threats is not sufficient to audit the control, as it does not address how the organisation collects, analyses, and produces threat intelligence, nor how it uses it to take mitigation actions. The auditor should also speak to the staff involved in the threat intelligence process, and review the relevant documents and records.
* Checking that the organisation has a fully documented threat intelligence process is not enough to audit the control, as it does not verify the implementation and effectiveness of the process. The auditor should also observe the process in action, and examine the outputs and outcomes of the process.
* Determining whether internal and external sources of information are used in the production of threat intelligence is a partial audit trail, as it only covers one aspect of the control. The auditor should also assess the quality, reliability, and relevance of the sources, and how the information is analysed and used.
NEW QUESTION # 185
您是 ISMS 審核員，正在對電信供應商進行第三方監督審核。您位於設備暫存室，網路交換器在傳送給客戶之前已預先編程。您注意到，最近未通過初始設定測試並被退回重新編程的交換器數量顯著增加。
你問首席測試員為什麼，她說，「這是最近 ISMS 升級的結果」。在升級之前，每個技術人員都有自己的硬拷貝工作說明。現在，我團隊的八名成員必須共用兩台筆記型電腦才能在線上存取客戶的設定說明。這些延誤給技術人員帶來了壓力，導致更多錯誤。
僅根據上述訊息，ISO/IEC 27001:2022 的哪一條條款最適合提出不合格項？選擇一個。
- A. 第 7.2 條 - 能力
- B. 第 10.2 條 - 不合格與糾正措施
- C. 第 7.5 條 - 記錄資訊
- D. 第 8.1 條 - 營運規劃與控制
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION # 186
情境 8：EsBank 自 9 月起為愛沙尼亞銀行業提供銀行和金融解決方案
2010年，該公司在全國擁有30家分行和100多台ATM機。
EsBank 在高度監管的行業中運營，必須遵守許多有關資料安全和隱私的法律和法規。他們需要透過實施技術和非技術控制來管理整個營運的資訊安全。 EsBank 決定實施基於 ISO/IEC 的 ISMS
27001，因為它提供了更好的安全性、更多的風險控制以及符合法律法規的關鍵要求。
在成功實施 ISMS 九個月後，EsBank 決定由獨立認證機構根據 ISO/IEC 27001 對其 ISMS 進行認證。
第一階段和第二階段審核是共同進行的，發現了一些不符合項。第一個不合格之處與 EsBank 的資訊標籤有關。該公司有資訊分類方案，但沒有資訊標籤程序。因此，需要相同保護等級的文件將被貼上不同的標籤（有時為機密，有時為敏感）。
考慮到所有文件也以電子方式存儲，不合格情況也影響了媒體處理。審計小組透過抽樣得出結論，200 個可移動媒體中有 50 個儲存了被錯誤分類為機密的敏感資訊。根據資訊分類方案，允許將機密資訊儲存在可移動媒體中，而嚴格禁止儲存敏感資訊。這標誌著另一個不合格之處。
他們起草了不合格報告，並與 EsBank 代表討論了審計結論，代表同意在兩個月內針對發現的不合格問題提交行動計劃。
EsBank 接受了審計組組長提出的解決方案。他們根據實體和電子格式的分類方案起草了資訊標籤程序，解決了不合格問題。可移動媒體程式也基於此程式進行了更新。
審計完成兩週後，EsBank 提交了總體行動計畫。在那裡，他們解決了檢測到的不合格問題以及採取的糾正措施，但沒有包括有關受影響的系統、控製或操作的任何詳細資訊。審核小組評估了該行動計劃並得出結論，該計劃將解決不合格問題。然而，EsBank 收到了不利的認證建議。
根據上述場景，回答以下問題：
根據情境8，EsBank 提交了總體行動計畫。這是可以接受的嗎？
- A. 不，一般行動計畫無法修正不合格項
- B. 是的，具有相同根本原因的不符合項應該有一個總體行動計劃
- C. 不，行動計畫應該只解決一個不合格問題
Answer: A
Explanation:
No, a general action plan is not acceptable in this context because it lacks specific details on systems, controls, or operations impacted by the nonconformities. An effective action plan should detail the specific corrective actions for each nonconformity to ensure comprehensive resolution and prevent recurrence.
NEW QUESTION # 187
您是經驗豐富的審核團隊領導，指導審核員進行培訓。
您的團隊目前正在對代表外部客戶儲存資料的組織進行第三方監督審核。接受培訓的審核員的任務是審查適用性聲明 (SoA) 中列出的並在現場實施的實體控制措施。
從以下內容中選擇您希望接受培訓的審核員審查的四項控制措施。
- A. 資訊資產清單的開發與維護
- B. 資訊安全意識、教育與培訓
- C. 現場閉路電視和門禁系統的運行
- D. 組織的業務連續性安排
- E. 電源線和資料線如何進入建築物
- F. 組織維護設備的安排
- G. 進出裝載區的通道
- H. 對人員進行驗證檢查
Answer: C,E,F,G
Explanation:
The four controls from the list that are related to PHYSICAL aspects of the ISMS are:
* Access to and from the loading bay
* How power and data cables enter the building
* The operation of the site CCTV and door control systems
* The organisation's arrangements for maintaining equipment
These controls are derived from the ISO 27001 Annex A, which provides a comprehensive list of information security controls that can be applied to an ISMS1. The other controls in the list are more related to ORGANIZATIONAL, LEGAL, or HUMAN aspects of the ISMS, which are also important, but not the focus of this question.
According to the ISMS Auditing Guideline2, the auditor in training should review the PHYSICAL controls by:
* Checking the SoA to identify the applicable controls and their implementation status
* Interviewing the relevant staff and management to verify their understanding and involvement in the controls
* Observing the physical and environmental conditions to confirm the existence and effectiveness of the controls
* Examining the relevant documents and records to validate the compliance and performance of the controls I hope this helps you prepare for the exam.
NEW QUESTION # 188
當組織需要確定內部稽核計畫所需的資源時，下列哪一個問題不會影響其預期結果的實現？
- A. 審核計畫經理可以存取資訊安全管理系統經理的能力記錄。
- B. 必要的文件資訊的可用性。
- C. 不同時區的影響。
- D. 有能力的審核員和技術專家。
Answer: A
Explanation:
While competence is important for an effective ISMS, the specific competence records of the ISMS manager are less relevant when determining resources for the internal audit program. The focus should be on resources directly related to the audit process itself. Here's why the other options matter:
* A . Availability of competent auditors and technical experts: Crucial for conducting thorough audits and accurately assessing the ISMS.
* C . Availability of the necessary documented information: Essential for auditors to review policies, procedures, and records related to the ISMS.
* D . Impact of different time zones: Can affect scheduling, coordination, and communication during the audit, potentially requiring additional resources.
Reference:
* ISO/IEC 27001:2022, Section 9.2 (Internal Audit): Emphasizes the need for competent auditors and emphasizes planning the audit program.
NEW QUESTION # 189
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